Literature
- Humann, P. 1989. Reef Fish Identification - Florida Caribbean Bahamas, (ed. N. Deloach). New World Publications, Inc., Paramount Miller Graphics, Inc., Jacksonville, Florida.
- Nagelkerken, W.P. 1981. Distribution and ecology of the Groupers (Serranidae) and Snappers (Lutjanidae) of the Netherlands Antilles. Publications of the foundation for scientific research in Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles, 107(3).