Literature
- Humann, P. 1993. Reef Coral Identification - Florida Caribbean Bahamas, (ed. N. Deloach). New World Publications, Inc., Paramount Miller Graphics, Inc., Jacksonville, Florida.
- Roos, P.J. 1964. The distribution of reef corals in Curacao. Stud. Fauna Curacao, 20: 1-51.
- Roos, P.J. 1971. The shallow-water stony corals of the Netherlands Antilles. Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean islands, 130.
- Vermeij, M.J.A. 2002. Evolutionary Ecology of the Coral Genus Madracis on Caribbean Reefs. Ph-D thesis, UvA.